backend-patterns
OfficialBackend architecture patterns, API design, database optimization, and server-side best practices for Node.js, Express, and Next.js API routes.
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---
name: backend-patterns
description: Backend architecture patterns, API design, database optimization, and server-side best practices for Node.js, Express, and Next.js API routes.
origin: ECC
---
# Backend Development Patterns
Backend architecture patterns and best practices for scalable server-side applications.
## When to Activate
- Designing REST or GraphQL API endpoints
- Implementing repository, service, or controller layers
- Optimizing database queries (N+1, indexing, connection pooling)
- Adding caching (Redis, in-memory, HTTP cache headers)
- Setting up background jobs or async processing
- Structuring error handling and validation for APIs
- Building middleware (auth, logging, rate limiting)
## API Design Patterns
### RESTful API Structure
```typescript
// PASS: Resource-based URLs
GET /api/markets # List resources
GET /api/markets/:id # Get single resource
POST /api/markets # Create resource
PUT /api/markets/:id # Replace resource
PATCH /api/markets/:id # Update resource
DELETE /api/markets/:id # Delete resource
// PASS: Query parameters for filtering, sorting, pagination
GET /api/markets?status=active&sort=volume&limit=20&offset=0
```
### Repository Pattern
```typescript
// Abstract data access logic
interface MarketRepository {
findAll(filters?: MarketFilters): Promise<Market[]>
findById(id: string): Promise<Market | null>
create(data: CreateMarketDto): Promise<Market>
update(id: string, data: UpdateMarketDto): Promise<Market>
delete(id: string): Promise<void>
}
class SupabaseMarketRepository implements MarketRepository {
async findAll(filters?: MarketFilters): Promise<Market[]> {
let query = supabase.from('markets').select('*')
if (filters?.status) {
query = query.eq('status', filters.status)
}
if (filters?.limit) {
query = query.limit(filters.limit)
}
const { data, error } = await query
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